MUHON: A Journal of Architecture, Landscape Architecture, and the Designed Environment
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon
<p><em>MUHON</em> is the official publication of the University of the Philippines College of Architecture (UPCA) in Diliman. Managed by the UPCA Research Program, it serves as a forum for discussion of ideas on the designed environment. 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<style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <span style="font-size: 10pt;">The contributor waives any royalties for the publication of his/her article, as UPCA is a non-profit organization.</span> <br /><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The copyright for the published work belongs to UPCA and its selected publisher. The contributor is free to publish a modified version of the same article in other publications.</span><br /><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The contributor guarantees that :</span><ul><li><span style="font-size: 10pt;">the article does not infringe on the copyright or any proprietary right of any other person </span></li><li><span style="font-size: 10pt;">the article contains no libelous or other unlawful matter </span></li><li><span style="font-size: 10pt;">the article makes no improper invasion of the privacy of any other person.</span></li></ul> MUHON 10 Cover Page
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9520
UP College of Architecture
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2024-01-262024-01-26 Title Page
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9521
UP College of Architecture
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2024-01-262024-01-26 Copyright Page
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9522
UP College of Architecture
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2024-01-262024-01-26 Editorial Board
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9523
UP College of Architecture
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2023-12-312023-12-31 Editorial
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9524
UP College of ArchitectureGerard Rey A. Lico, Ph.D.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2024-01-262024-01-26 Table of Contents
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9538
UP College of Architecture
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2024-01-302024-01-30 Digitalizing the College of Architecture Museum
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9529
<p>Museums are an accessible means of exposing students to excellent architectural works. Such immersion is important to inspire and enhance the skills of architects and aspiring architects. One such museum is Haraya, an architecture museum that transformed from a physical exhibition to a fully digital one because of the pandemic.<br>This study explored how a university digital museum was created in a feasible manner, with the objective of making the experience similar to the physical museum. This required data gathering, exploring options, and creating a new digital museum for Haraya.</p> <p><br>We created Haraya 2022 using a 3D model, rendered images, rendered videos, links, and navigational nodes. It was made available for online viewing to the public. A survey was also conducted to determine the viewers’ satisfaction with the Haraya 2022 digital museum. The results showed positive feedback where most had an excellent or a very good experience. However, there were navigational issues that needs to be resolved for future digital museums.</p> <p><br>The method used to make Haraya 2022 is a viable option for digital museums. If a physical museum is present, a digital counterpart can still be made for better accessibility.</p>Karen Therese F. Lopez
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2023-12-312023-12-31111 Mapping Through Stories
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9528
<p>Landscape Walking Narratives (LWN) is a landscape-based mapping procedure that came from the PhD research project entitled, “Capturing the Dynamic Character of the Philippine Peri-urban Landscape: A Landscape Character System Approach for the Region of Cavite" (2021). The LWN used a walkers-based cataloging procedure to collect cultural landscape narratives from walkers. LWN also incorporated oral history methodologies to find intangible cultural landscape features, resulting in landscape word clouds and graphs. This mapping approach pushed the boundaries of landscape characterization by demonstrating the ability to translate narratives into meaningful data formats to help in future planning decisions for Cavite.</p>Cathe Desiree S. Nadal, Ph.D.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2023-12-312023-12-311221 The Lifework of Architect Antonio A. Flores
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9530
<p>Antonio Andres Legaspi Flores, a Filipino architect and educator, strongly shaped the built environment of his clients, mostly the Society of the Divine Word (SVD). It is now time to revisit his buildings, the motivations behind them, and their acceptance by investors and users. Up to today, the person of Flores is under debate. The paper examines Flores’ major design ideas and debated solutions where design advocacy seemed to contrast with physical sustainability. In conclusion, the research presents Flores’ lifework as an out-of-the-box approach that widens perspectives of Philippine architecture.</p>Br. Bela S. Lanyi, SVD
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2023-12-312023-12-312232 Adaptive Reuse and the ARP Model
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9531
<p>The continuous urbanization and modernization of cities spurred by population growth and economic development results in numerous challenges such as socio-economic inequalities, movement and space congestion, exhaustion of resources and energy among others. As a solution to these challenges, many turn to adaptive reuse as a more efficient form of redevelopment and progress. This study focused on the utilization of the ARP Model by Craig Langston as a tool for site selection in adaptive reuse and dissecting the efficiency of its criteria in decision-making. The two case studies analyzed are the Tate Modern in London and the High Line in New York City. The analysis of these two conversion projects uncovered the limitations of the ARP Model and its variables in determining the potential of a heritage structure to be reused. Results show that the ARP Percentage and Scoring do not directly relate to any critical success factors or outcomes and that the potential and reusability of a structure are uncorrelated due to physical obsolescence being solely based on maintenance and neglecting damages brought by the weather. Therefore, several recommendations were made to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the ARP model. First, the year of assessment affects obsolescence rating factors thus, an averaging method is suggested to be used to compensate for discrepancies. Second, since the physical life of a structure is assigned arbitrary values, the determinant values may need to be enhanced for structures that have longer physical lifespans. Third, an assessment is recommended to account for other obsolescence factors that have affected the life of a structure. Lastly, environmental obsolescence should be fully implemented to account for sustainable development and other environmental factors.</p>David Xander T. Lacson
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2023-12-312023-12-313344 Pining for Baguio Greens
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9532
<p>Known for being the City of Pines, Baguio has created a reputation as recreation refuge from the hustle and bustle of Metro Manila and other neighboring urban centers. But because of its cool climate and popularity as a tourist destination, Baguio in itself is deluged with impending problems of urbanity and development. Spaces that were previously green are continuously converted into built areas.</p> <p><br>A few years ago, an issue arised regarding the conversion of a popular mall’s open space planted with the fully grown specimens of Baguio’s tree symbol—the Benguet pine or Pinus kesiya. The space was to be converted into an additional building wing, which drew strong reactions from concerned residents and environmental groups. The conversion was conducted and that resulted to mixed reactions regarding the importance of the pine tree in Baguio’s remaining open spaces.</p> <p><br>The research explores the perception of Baguio space users on the state of its urban green open spaces and qualify the importance of the symbolic Benguet pine’s presence in urban green, hence this research aimed to know more about this matter.</p> <p><br>First, some architects and other design professionals were consulted as prequalification to enumerate which Baguio open spaces are perceived as green open space. They were also inquired which of these spaces exhibited the most distinct presence of the iconic pine tree. Ten parks and public spaces were short listed.</p> <p><br>A survey regarding the 10 prequalified Baguio City open spaces and the Benguet pine was then formulated and disseminated to people who are familiar with Baguio, mostly residents, through an online platform. Results showed which open spaces are popularly visited and perceived green by users. The same survey also indicated that the most popular and green perceived public open spaces are also said to have the most visible presence of the Benguet pine tree, indicating that in the public’s perception, the Benguet pine’s presence is particularly relevant in the major green spaces around Baguio City.</p>Patrick Andrew E. Gozon
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2023-12-312023-12-314551 Investigation of the Structural Performance of Pinus Sylvestris (Scots Pine) as Partial Replacement to Suspended Structural Beams
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9533
<p>This study evaluates the structural performance of Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine) when applied as a structural beam, which focuses on flexure and shear performances. Testing and mathematical evaluation were necessary to determine the properties of this material in order to investigate its performance as a structural beam. Following the prescribed sizes indicated in ASTM D905 and ASTM D198, specimens for shear and flexure were manufactured with the application of polyvinyl acetate adhesive between each lamina within each test sample. These specimens were tested using static bending and shear/delamination tests in accordance with the two standards, and results were analyzed quantitatively using the statistical methods and internationally accepted methods indicated in the Design Standard of Philippine Timber and the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP). The analysis of results has shown that upon investigation of Pinus sylvestris glulam with Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive manufactured using the available technology in the Philippines, it is not suitable for construction or any uses that involve load-bearing capabilities. Further investigation is recommended to be conducted in the future in relation to this study. The conclusions made in this study may be used for academic references pertaining to the use of this wood species.</p>Halivier C. LegaspinaJohn Arvin R. Manaloto, Ph.D.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2023-12-312023-12-315265 Raise the Roof
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9534
<p>Significant change is observable within the landscape of Batad Rice Terraces, a UNESCO World Heritage site located in the Ifugao Province of the Philippines. One distinct fixture that is transforming within Batad’s landscape is the ‘bale’ or the traditional Ifugao house. The 'bale,' with its steep pyramidal thatched roof echoing the mountainous landform around it, is one of the most distinct features of Batad. The traditional use of the ‘bale' is, of course, as a residence. It also serves as a granary for harvested rice, with the topmost level considered sacred - allocated for rice, heirloom articles, and sculptures of the 'bulul' (rice guardians). Today, the bale(s) of Batad not only sit beside more modern-looking structures, but they themselves also have transformed uses and configurations. The study aimed to map, quantify, and characterize the transformations of Batad’s bale(s) through a multi-method combining drone photogrammetry, GIS-based geo-tagging, and actual field visits to document the bales’ conditions. Two maps pertaining to Batad’s bale(s) were produced from the study. First, a map showing the categorization of each bale based on their current occupancy type, i.e., residential, agricultural, tourism-related, etc. The second map shows a five-tier categorization based on the level of the bales’ physical transformations (or conservation) in terms of design and material. Supplementing these maps are photo-documentations of the bale(s), and anecdotal interviews with locals focusing on stories about the transformations of the traditional houses surveyed. All of these informed the narrative about the drivers of change and factors that support the sustainability of the bale(s) in Batad’s landscape.</p>Marie Edraline B. Belga
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2023-12-312023-12-316679 Conserving Kamestizuhan
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9535
<p>Conservation as a concept and process has its fundamental objective, the protection of cultural property from loss and depletion. Implicit in this is the notion of maintaining living contact with the pass through the identification, transmission, and protection of that which is considered cultural valuable. Conservation of historic buildings and streets is growing rapidly in many countries, under the threat of commercialization. The historic district in Shanghai, China has been successful in transforming its traditional residential houses as well as its old factories, into a community for creative industry (Yung, 2011). This study will pursue the same objective by providing a conservation management plan to rescue Kamestizuhan, the Heritage District of Malolos, to withstand the effects of commercialization to urban morphology. To pursue the objective, the researcher conducted cultural documentation procedures. Archival resources were reviewed to establish the historical context. Pertinent documents were gathered and reviewed from the City Government of Malolos to identify the past and present plan of actions if there’s any in safeguarding and preserving the heritage district. Records of socioeconomic profile of Malolos were also studied to determine the impact of commercialization in Kamestizuhan Heritage District. Politicians, local historians, academicians, conservation advocates and other stakeholders were interviewed and the results proved that there is no regulation or concrete policies being implemented strictly by the local government in order to safeguard and protect the Heritage District of Malolos Zones. With the use of the comparative historical method, local historic towns with successful conservation approach were compared to serve as guide in determining applicable considerations for the proposal. Photo-documentation, Mapping and inventory were used and findings reveal that some ancestral houses were demolished and sold as effect of commercialization. Surveys also shows that majority of the local has low level of awareness in the historical significance of Kamestizuhan. Ultimately, the study formulated policy in conserving the Kamestizuhan Heritage District of Malolos amidst commercialization.</p>Dennis L. Estacio, Ph.D.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
2023-12-312023-12-318092 Urban Dwellers’ Hazard Awareness and its Implications on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Towards Climate Change Adaptation and Urban Resilience
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9536
<p>The role of urban design in disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) has taken more attention in the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, as transmission rates are highest where cities are mostly crowded. Rapid urbanization is taking place in Asia, making its populations most vulnerable to hazards anddisasters, including this current pandemic. This paper aims to assess the basic hazard awareness of the city population, particularly in the central business district (CBD), as aprerequisite for urban resilience. A comprehensive survey of the daytime population of Davao City’s CBD was conducted in the latter half of 2019, focusing on the respondents’ awareness of the five (5) most prevalent disasters in the study area. Existing government policies and programs on climate change adaptation and DRRM were also examined as to how they are translated into community development and other forms of interventions.</p> <p><br>Research results show that the majority of the daytime urban population are in their early and prime working age and despite their high educational background, they have low awareness of hazards, and their recall of experiences in disasters is short-term. The majority of them are not able to identify which hazard they are most susceptible to, and DRRM-related terminologies are poorly understood. In conclusion, this study hoped to provide a basis for integrating risk communication in architectural and urban design interventions toward a sustainable and resilient built environment.</p>Minerva C. RoselIsidoro R. Malaque III, Ph.D.
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2023-12-312023-12-319399 BLA Graduate Tracer Study
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9537
<p>Graduate tracer studies are an essential component of curriculum evaluations in higher education institutions. It serves as an invaluable tool for shedding light on the effectiveness and relevance of educational institutions in preparing their graduates for the challenges of the modern world. This graduate tracer study explores the effectiveness of the Bachelor of Landscape Architecture program in the Philippines with a specific focus on the perspectives of its graduates. Over the course of its 55-year history, this program has contributed significantly to the field of landscape architecture in the country. However, in an era of evolving professional demands and societal changes, it is vital to assess a program's alignment with graduate expectations and career outcomes. The study employed a learner-centered approach, gathering data directly from program alumni to understand their experiences, career trajectories, and perceptions of the program's strengths and weaknesses. By conducting surveys, structured questionnaires, and feedback sessions, this study aims to gain a holistic understanding of the graduates' educational journey, post-graduation experiences, and the program's impact on their professional lives. This study applied descriptive analysis of the data using Tableau and Excel. The result acknowledges the importance of the learner’s perspectives for continuous improvement in higher education, benefits the academic institution and contributes to the ongoing development of the landscape architecture profession in the country.</p>Madonna P. Danao
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2023-12-312023-12-31100111 The UPCA Integrated Graduate Program
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9525
<p>The Integrated Graduate Program (IGP) provides a collaborative and interdisciplinary learning environment through the offering of flexible curricula. These offer entry points for all fields of expertise and dynamic courses that tackle emergent issues to undertake cutting-edge research in the Designed and Built Environments. The IGP has five (5) component degree programs: Graduate Diploma in Landscape Studies (GDipLS), Master of Arts in Architecture Studies (MAAS), Master of Architecture (MArch), Master of Tropical Landscape Architecture (MTLA), and Doctor of Philosophy in the Designed and Built Environment (PhDDBE).</p>UP College of Architecture
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2024-01-262024-01-26 MUHON Call for Papers and Acknowledgements
https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/9526
UP College of Architecture
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2024-01-262024-01-26