The PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL serves as a medium of exchange of technical information and dissemination of engineering knowledge through the publication of research articles, review articles, short communications, and letters to the editor. Published by UP National Engineering Center, the PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL is being distributed at reasonable rates to various government agencies, private industrial concerns, engineering schools, professional organizations, international entities, and practitioners in the field of engineering.

The PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL serves as a medium of exchange of technical information and dissemination of engineering knowledge through the publication of research articles, review articles, short communications, and letters to the editor. Published by UP National Engineering Center, the PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL is being distributed at reasonable rates to various government agencies, private industrial concerns, engineering schools, professional organizations, international entities, and practitioners in the field of engineering.

The PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL serves as a medium of exchange of technical information and dissemination of engineering knowledge through the publication of research articles, review articles, short communications, and letters to the editor. Published by UP National Engineering Center, the PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL is being distributed at reasonable rates to various government agencies, private industrial concerns, engineering schools, professional organizations, international entities, and practitioners in the field of engineering.

Prof. Maria Antonia N. Tanchuling, Ph.D.
Executive Director National Engineering Center

Dr. Rinlee Butch M. Cervera
Editor-in-Chief

EDITORIAL BOARD

Dr. Marjorie L. Baynosa
Dr. Ariel C. Blanco
Dr. Michael Angelo A. Pedrasa
Dr. Leslie Joy L. Diaz
Dr. John Richard E. Hizon
Dr. Iris Ann G. Martinez
Dr. Susan Pancho-Festin
Dr. Edwin N. Quiros
Dr. Analiza P. Rollon
Dr. Karl N. Vergel

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD
Dr. Alias Abdul Rahman
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

Dr. Joost Santos
George Washington University, USA

Dr. Jiro Takemura
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Dr. Chua-Chin Wang
National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan

Dr. Jeffrey Rimer
University of Houston, USA

Dr. Po-Ya Abel Chuang
University of California Merced, USA

EXTERNAL ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Dr. Hongbo Cong
University of Akron, USA

Dr. Mary Lyn Lim
Coatings Innovation Center, USA

Dr. Aristotle Ubando
De La Salle University, Philippines

Arlene H. De Ocampo
Head, Engineering Information Division, National Engineering Center

Patricia M. Estopace
Publication Coordinator

Erwin G. Gabriel
Layout Artist

Stop-Go Map (green for go, red for stop) based on the School Reopening Viability (SRV). The SRV is an indicator that the region has already reached the downtick points (infection, death) based on their vaccination coverage. (a) Infection SRV; (b) Death SRV; (c) Vaccination Coverage as of February 2022.

The PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL serves as a medium of exchange of technical information and dissemination of engineering knowledge through the publication of research articles, review articles, short communications, and letters to the editor. Published by UP National Engineering Center, the PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL is being distributed at reasonable rates to various government agencies, private industrial concerns, engineering schools, professional organizations, international entities, and practitioners in the field of engineering.

The Philippine Engineering Journal (PEJ) serves as a national medium of exchange of technical information and dissemination of engineering knowledge through the publication of original works, technical papers, technical notes and research briefs in the field of engineering. Published semi­annually by the National Engineering Center (NEC), it is being distributed at reasonable rates to schools, professional organizations, international entities, and practitioners.

The PEJ invites authors who wish to publish their works in the fields of chemical engineering, civil engineering, computer science, electrical and electronics engineering, geodetic engineering, energy engineering, environmental engineering, industrial engineering and operations research, materials engineering, mechanical engineering, metallurgical engineering, and mining engineering

The PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL serves as a national medium of exchange of technical information and dissemination of engineering knowledge through the publication of technical papers, technical notes, and research briefs. Published by the UP National Engineering Center, the PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL is being distributed at reasonable rates to various government agencies, private industrial concerns, engineering schools, professional organizations, international entities and practitioners in the field of engineering.

ISSN 0117 5564

The PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL serves as a national medium of exchange of technical information and dissemination of engineering knowledge through the publication of technical papers, technical notes, and research briefs. Published by the U.P. Engineering Research and Development Foundation, Inc. for the National Engineering Center, the PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING JOURNAL is being distributed at reasonable rates to various government agencies, private industrial concerns, engineering schools, professional organizations, international entities and practitioners in the field of engineering.